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<p>ESA's Earth Explorer missions are dedicated to addressing key scientific challenges identified by the EO community. Each mission employs the latest technological developments to observe different EO fields.</p>

Earth Explorers

ESA's Earth Explorer missions are dedicated to addressing key scientific challenges identified by the EO community. Each mission employs the latest technological developments to observe different EO fields.

What are Earth Explorers?

The Earth Explorers are a family of satellites that share the common goal of advancing Earth science by helping answer principle scientific questions through observation of Earth’s key systems.

The Earth Explorers are each dedicated to observing a different aspect of Earth’s system, such as the Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Ionosphere as well as the Earth’s interior. The overarching objective of these missions is to understand the Earth as a geosphere and the complex interactions between spheres and sub-spheres.

Interact with 3D models of ESA satellites, which visualise their design and payload, and see case studies highlighting data applications.

GO TO 3D MODELS

Current missions from the programme include CryoSat, EarthCARE, SMOS and Swarm. The Earth Explorer family will continue to grow in the future through the addition of new missions such as Biomass and FLEX.

Earth Explorer Missions infographic
Earth Explorers brochure

Earth Explorers brochure

This brochure describes ESA's Earth Explorers Space Programme and includes infographics describing some of the missions in the programme.…
Pioneering science missions: Summarising ESA’s Earth Explorers

Pioneering science missions: Summarising ESA’s Earth Explorers

Designed for research purposes, ESA's Earth Explorer missions are dedicated to monitoring parts of Earth’s system. Learn more about the Eart…

Meet the Mission Managers

An overview of the EarthCARE mission

An overview of the EarthCARE mission

In this video, meet Björn Frommknecht, Mission Manager of ESA's upcoming EarthCARE satellite.…
An overview of the SMOS mission

An overview of the SMOS mission

In this video, Klaus Scipal - Biomass and SMOS Mission Manager - talks about ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission.…
An overview of the Biomass mission

An overview of the Biomass mission

In this video, Klaus Scipal - Biomass and SMOS Mission Manager - talks about ESA's upcoming Biomass mission.…
An overview of the Aeolus mission

An overview of the Aeolus mission

In this overview video, ESA's mission manager, Tommaso Parrinello, describes the successes and challenges of this amazing mission, whose imp…

Featured Missions

Find More Missions >>
Aeolus

Aeolus

The Aeolus mission which was launched into space on 22 August 2018 and was retired on 30 April 2023, provided global observations of wind pr…
Biomass

Biomass

The objective of the Biomass mission is to determine the global distribution of forest biomass.…
CryoSat

CryoSat

CryoSat determines variations in the thickness of continental ice sheets and marine ice cover. Europe's first ice mission is an advanced rad…
EarthCARE

EarthCARE

EarthCARE examines the role clouds and aerosols play in trapping infrared radiation emitted from Earth's surface.…
FLEX

FLEX

The FLEX mission will provide global maps of vegetation fluorescence, which can be converted into an indicator of photosynthetic activity.…
GOCE

GOCE

ESA's Gravity field and Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission mapped Earth's geoid very accurately, opening a window into Earth's interi…
SMOS

SMOS

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is dedicated to making global observations of soil moisture over land and salinity over …
Swarm

Swarm

Swarm is dedicated to creating a highly detailed survey of Earth’s geomagnetic field and its temporal evolution as well as the electric fiel…

Discover Latest Data

Find More Data >>
FLEX Data

FLEX Data

Find out what data is available for the FLEX mission.
Biomass Data

Biomass Data

Find out what data are available for the Biomass mission.
EarthCARE Data

EarthCARE Data

Find out what data is available for the EarthCARE mission.
Aeolus Data

Aeolus Data

Find out what data is available for the Aeolus mission.

Latest Data Release News

Find More Data Release News >>
Update of Dynamic Sea Ice Concentration auxiliary data source in CryoSat Level-2 Ice products

Update of Dynamic Sea Ice Concentration auxiliary data source in CryoSat Level-2 Ice products

2 Nov 2026
The input to Dynamic Sea Ice Concentration auxiliary files has been updated to the OSI SAF AMSR3 sea ice concentration product (OSI SAF OSI-…
Additional Swarm Langmuir probe Ion Drift, density and effective Mass dataset available

Additional Swarm Langmuir probe Ion Drift, density and effective Mass dataset available

1 Oct 2026
An additional Swarm Langmuir Probe Ion Drift, Density and Effective Mass (SLIDEM) dataset, with a 2 Hz cadence and baseline 0301, is now ava…
Additional Swarm EFI TII Raw And Corrected Imagery and Spectra (TRACIS) dataset available

Additional Swarm EFI TII Raw And Corrected Imagery and Spectra (TRACIS) dataset available

30 Sept 2026
Additional EFI TII Raw and Corrected Imagery and Spectra (TRACIS) data are now available on the Swarm dissemination server for all Swarm sat…
Swarm L2 Operational processor update performed on 08 September 2026

Swarm L2 Operational processor update performed on 08 September 2026

8 Sept 2026
We are pleased to inform users that the updated version for Swarm Level 2-Cat2 Operational Processors (IBI, FAC, TEC) has been successfully …

Browse Missions by Data Application

Agriculture

Agriculture

Atmosphere

Atmosphere

Biosphere

Biosphere

Climate

Climate

Cryosphere

Cryosphere

Land Surface

Land Surface

Oceans

Oceans

Solid Earth

Solid Earth

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