| | CHAPTER 1 | |
| 1 | Introduction | 1-01 |
| 1.2 | The Road to SCIAMACHY | 1-02 |
| | The Initial Phases of SCIAMACHY | 1-05 |
| 1.3 | SCIAMACHY´s Goals | 1-06 |
| | The Atmospheric Layers | 1-07 |
| | Anthropogenic Impact on the Earth-Atmosphere System | 1-08 |
| | Tropospheric Chemistry | 1-09 |
| | The Tropopause Region | 1-10 |
| | Stratospheric Chemistry and Dynamics | 1-11 |
| | Mesospheric Chemistry and Dynamics | 1-12 |
| | Global Warming and Climate Change | 1-12 |
| | CHAPTER 2 | |
| 2 | SCIAMACHY: The Instrument onboard ENVISAT | 2-01 |
| 2.1 | Measurement Goals | 2-01 |
| 2.2 | SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT | 2-02 |
| | Orbit and Attitude | 2-02 |
| | ENVISAT On-board Resources | 2-04 |
| | ENVISAT Ground Segment | 2-05 |
| 2.3 | Instrument Description | 2-06 |
| 2.3.1 | Science Requirements and Instrument Concept | 2-06 |
| 2.3.2 | Optical Assembly | 2-07 |
| | Scanner Mechanisms and Baffles | 2-08 |
| | Telescope and Spectrometer | 2-09 |
| | Detector Modules | 2-10 |
| | Calibration Unit | 2-11 |
| | Polarization Measurement Device | 2-11 |
| 2.3.3 | Thermal Subsystems | 2-12 |
| | Radiator A and Active Thermal Control | 2-12 |
| | Thermal Bus and Radiant Cooler Assembly | 2-12 |
| 2.4 | Instrument Operations | 2-13 |
| 2.4.1 | Sun and Moon Observation | 2-15 |
| | Sun Occultation | 2-15 |
| | Sub-solar Observations | 2-15 |
| | Moon Occultation | 2-16 |
| 2.4.2 | Routine Measurement Orbit | 2-17 |
| 2.4.3 | Parameter Tables | 2-18 |
| 2.4.4 | Measurement States | 2-18 |
| | Nadir States | 2-20 |
| | Limb States | 2-20 |
| | Occultation States | 2-21 |
| | Calibration & Monitoring States | 2-21 |
| 2.4.5 | Timelines | 2-21 |
| | Concept | 2-21 |
| | Definition | 2-22 |
| 2.4.6 | SCIAMACHY Operations Setup | 2-23 |
| | CHAPTER 3 | |
| 3 | SCIAMACHY's View of the Earth's Atmosphere | 3-01 |
| 3.1 | Tropospheric Composition - Greenhouse Gases | 3-01 |
| | Carbon Dioxide – CO2 | 3-01 |
| | Methane – CH4 | 3-02 |
| | Water Vapour – H2O | 3-03 |
| | Heavy Water – HDO | 3-04 |
| | Absorbing Aerosol Index and Precipitation | 3-04 |
| 3.2 | Tropospheric Composition – Reactive Gases | 3-05 |
| | Nitrogen Dioxide – NO2 | 3-05 |
| | Sulphur Dioxide – SO2 | 3-07 |
| | Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Glyoxal (CHOCHO) | 3-08 |
| | Carbon Monoxide – CO | 3-09 |
| | Tropospheric Halogen Oxides – BrO and IO | 3-10 |
| 3.3 | The Stratospheric Ozone Layer | 3-11 |
| | Ozone – O3 | 3-12 |
| | Chlorine Dioxide – OClO | 3-14 |
| | Bromine Oxide – BrO | 3-15 |
| | Polar Stratospheric Clouds – PSC | 3-15 |
| 3.4 | The Upper Atmosphere and Solar Activity | 3-16 |
| | Noctilucent Clouds – NLC | 3-16 |
| | Mesospheric Ozone and the October/November 2003 Solar Storm | 3-17 |
| | Mesopause Temperatures | 3-18 |
| | Observing the Active Sun - The Mg II Index | 3-19 |
| 3.5 | The Earth Surface and Beneath | 3-20 |
| | Land Vegetation Characteristics | 3-20 |
| | Oligotrophic Oceanic Regions | 3-21 |
| | Oceanic Phytoplankton Characteristics | 3-21 |
| | CHAPTER 4 | |
| 4 | Calibration & Monitoring | 4-01 |
| 4.1 | Calibration | 4-01 |
| 4.1.1 | The General Calibration Equation | 4-01 |
| 4.2 | Detector Corrections | 4-04 |
| | Channels 1-5 (UV-VIS-NIR) | 4-04 |
| | Channels 6-8 (SWIR) | 4-05 |
| 4.3 | Wavelength Calibration | 4-06 |
| 4.4 | Stray Light | 4-07 |
| | Spectral Stray Light | 4-07 |
| | Spatial Stray Light | 4-08 |
| 4.5 | Polarisation | 4-08 |
| 4.6 | Radiometric Calibration | 4-12 |
| 4.7 | Optical Throughput Monitoring | 4-13 |
| | CHAPTER 5 | |
| 5 | From Radiation Fields to Atmospheric Concentrations
– Introduction into the Retrieval of Geophysical Parameters | 5-01 |
| 5.1 | Radiative Transfer in the Earth’s Atmosphere | 5-02 |
| 5.2 | Total Column: Nadir Retrieval Schemes of DOAS-type | 5-05 |
| 5.3 | Cloud and Aerosol Parameter Retrieval | 5-07 |
| 5.3.1 | Cloud Parameters | 5-09 |
| 5.3.2 | Tropospheric Aerosol Parameters | 5-10 |
| 5.4 | Profile Retrieval | 5-11 |
| 5.4.1 | Inversion Theory | 5-11 |
| 5.4.2 | Application of Inversion Theory to Limb Retrieval | 5-13 |
| 5.5 | Derivation of Tropospheric Information | 5-15 |
| 5.5.1 | Reference Sector Method | 5-16 |
| 5.5.2 | Limb/Nadir Matching | 5-16 |
| 5.6 | Data Assimilation and Value Added Products | 5-16 |
| 5.6.1 | Tropospheric Trace Gases – the NO2 Example | 5-16 |
| 5.6.2 | Stratospheric O3 | 5-17 |
| | CHAPTER 6 | |
| 6 | SCIAMACHY Operational Data Products and Algorithms | 6-01 |
| 6.1 | Level 0 Products | 6-01 |
| 6.2 | Operational Level 1b Products and Algorithms | 6-01 |
| 6.2.1 | Level 1b Processor | 6-01 |
| 6.2.2 | Relevant calibration parameters | 6-03 |
| 6.2.2.1 | Memory Effect and Non-Linearity correction | 6-03 |
| 6.2.2.2 | Dead and Bad Pixel Mask | 6-03 |
| 6.2.2.3 | Dark correction | 6-04 |
| 6.2.2.4 | Stray Light Correction | 6-04 |
| 6.2.2.5 | Wavelength Calibration | 6-04 |
| 6.2.2.6 | PPG/Etalon Correction | 6-04 |
| 6.2.2.7 | Polarization Correction | 6-05 |
| 6.2.2.8 | Radiometric Correction | 6-05 |
| 6.2.2.9 | Sun Mean Reference | 6-05 |
| 6.2.2.10 | Degradation Correction | 6-05 |
| 6.2.3 | Relevant Auxiliary Data | 6-06 |
| 6.2.4 | Degradation Correction: m-factors | 6-06 |
| 6.2.4.1 | Short-Term Concept | 6-07 |
| 6.2.4.2 | Long-Term Concept | 6-07 |
| 6.2.5 | Algorithm Baseline Documentation | 6-07 |
| 6.2.6 | Data Format Description | 6-07 |
| 6.2.7 | Product Quality Information | 6-07 |
| 6.3 | Operational Level 2 Products and Algorithms | 6-07 |
| 6.3.1 | Cloud and Aerosol Parameters | 6-09 |
| 6.3.2 | Nadir Trace Gas Retrievals | 6-09 |
| 6.3.2.1 | Ozone Total Column | 6-10 |
| 6.3.2.2 | NO2 Total Column | 6-10 |
| 6.3.2.3 | BrO Total Column | 6-11 |
| 6.3.2.4 | SO2 Total Column | 6-11 |
| 6.3.2.4.1 | Content and filling of the database | 6-12 |
| 6.3.2.4.2 | Application of the background values | 6-12 |
| 6.3.2.5 | H2O Total Column | 6-13 |
| 6.3.2.7 | CO Total Column | 6-13 |
| 6.3.3 | Limb | 6-14 |
| 6.3.3.1 | Ozone Profile | 6-14 |
| 6.3.3.2 | NO2 Profile | 6-15 |
| 6.3.3.3 | BrO Profile | 6-15 |
| 6.3.3.4 | Cloud flagging and top height | 6-16 |
| 6.3.4 | Algorithm Baseline Documentation | 6-16 |
| 6.3.5 | Data Format Description | 6-16 |
| 6.3.6 | Product Quality Information | 6-16 |
| 6.3.7 | Software Tools | 6-17 |
| | ANNEX | |
| Annex 01 | References Chapter 1 | annex-01 |
| | References Chapter 2 | annex-02 |
| | References Chapter 3 | annex-03 |
| | References Chapter 4 | annex-07 |
| | References Chapter 5 | annex-08 |
| | References Chapter 6 | annex-12 |
| Annex 02 | Atmospheric Gases | annex-13 |
| Annex 03 | Abbreviations and Acronyms | annex-14 |
| FAQ 01 | Frequently Asked Questions and typical EOHelp replies
| faq-01 |
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